Stress in livestock: How housing conditions affect their health and productivity

For example, early separation of calves from their mothers causes a sharp surge in cortisol, which weakens the immune system and increases vulnerability to disease. The article also emphasizes that improper milking and housing practices can cause chronic stress and reduced productivity. Furthermore, the problem of lameness in cows is considered a consequence of living conditions, which can be improved by investing in modernized facilities and updated equipment.

The author emphasizes that improving the living conditions of animals is not only ethically justified, but also economically beneficial, contributing to the sustainable development of farms.