Rumen bloat in cattle: causes and solutions

The main problem is that gas produced in the rumen stops being expelled through the rumen duct, leading to a protrusion of the left side of the animal's body, restlessness, and rapid breathing. If treatment is not started immediately, this can lead to acute cardiovascular failure and death.

There are two types of bloat: dorsal gas bloat and foamy bloat. Dorsal bloat is most often seen in the fall, when cows graze near apple trees and may become entrapped in the sweet fruit. In this case, the foreign body must be removed and the gas relieved using a nasogastric tube. More complex cases may require veterinary intervention.

Foamy bloat, in turn, is associated with high levels of fermentable carbohydrates and a lack of fiber, which is exacerbated when cows eat legumes. This condition is more common and more difficult to treat. If detected early, antifoam agents can be used, but if the condition progresses, surgical intervention may be necessary.

To prevent foamy bloat, it is recommended to provide cows with highly structured feed before their first grazing to reduce the risk. It is important to avoid grazing immediately after frosts and control the amount of clover in the diet. Preventative measures also include the addition of poloxalene and fish oil, which effectively reduces the risk of bloat and enriches the animals' diet with essential vitamins and fatty acids.