Rosselkhoztsentr of Tatarstan explained how to effectively deal with diseases of winter crops and avoid crop losses

Specialists of the Rosselkhozcenter of Tatarstan assessed the state of crops in the republic as of May 19, 2022. During the week, crops of winter crops were selectively examined on an area of ​​16.6 thousand hectares (in total, 130.7 thousand hectares were examined on an accrual basis).

According to the report prepared based on the results of phytomonitoring, winter crops are in the tillering phase - entering the tube.

Experts warned that when sunny warm weather sets in, winter crops will begin to be populated by cereal aphids, thrips, leopard bugs, and harmful bugs. Therefore, farmers should keep crops under control and, if the threshold of economic harmfulness of these insects is exceeded, carry out insecticidal treatments.

“In order to identify plant diseases, our specialists randomly examined 16,000 hectares of winter crops in a week. The beginning of the appearance of leaf diseases on crops was noted. Powdery mildew was found on 2,000 ha, or 12.5% ​​of the surveyed areas, and affected plants averaged 2.7%. Septoria was detected on 1.3 thousand hectares, or 8.1% of the surveyed areas," said Guzel Khusainova, deputy HEAD of the Rosselkhozcenter branch in the Republic of Tatarstan.

As the institution explained, when plants are affected by powdery mildew, the assimilation surface of the leaves decreases, chlorophyll is destroyed, the number of stems decreases, premature drying of the leaves occurs, earing is delayed, the grain content of the ear decreases, and the quality of grain decreases. In this case, the crop shortage can reach 15–35%.

Infection with septoria leads to a slowdown in plant growth, premature drying of the leaves, a decrease in the length and grain content of the ear, grain frailty, and if the stem nodes are damaged, to lodging of plants. For these reasons, crop losses can be 10–15%.

Against these diseases, it is necessary to carry out fungicidal treatments of plants: on thickened crops; in the tillering phase - the beginning of budding at 3–5% of plants infestation; according to the flag leaf - earing when the disease appears on the 3rd leaf from the top in 50% of plants. In the tillering phase, it is recommended to combine treatments with herbicides.

With a weak development of leaf diseases, experts recommend treating with biological fungicides Rizoplan, Zh; Pseudobacterin-2, G; Fitosporin-M, J. and others. To increase the immunity of plants during fungicidal treatment, add microbio-fertilizers and micro-fertilizers (Humate "Healthy Harvest") to the tank mixture. In case of exceeding the economic threshold of harmfulness of diseases in the flag leaf phase, it is necessary to treat with fungicides from the "List of pesticides and agrochemicals permitted for use on the territory of the Russian Federation": Kolosal Pro, KME; Rex Plus, SE; Falcon, KE; Alcor, KS; Atlant, KE; Title Duo, KKR or other approved fungicides.

“Also, our specialists examined winter crops on an accrual basis of 56.3 thousand hectares to identify root rot. This disease was detected on 13.6 thousand hectares, or 24.1% of the surveyed areas,” said Guzel Khusainova.

The prevalence of root rot is on average 1%. The maximum spread of root rot - 1.2% - was noted in the Baltasinsky municipal district on an area of ​​155 hectares of winter rye.

As noted in the institution, with the development of this disease, crop losses occur due to the loss of seedlings, a decrease in productive tillering, and the number of grains in an ear. The mass of 1000 grains is reduced by 32–35%, its quality is deteriorating. And seed germination can be reduced by 40%.

For the prevention of this disease, it is recommended to carry out the correct selection of a disinfectant; use disease-resistant varieties of cereals; observe crop rotation and sowing dates; apply macro- and microfertilizers; conduct a microbiological analysis of the soil.

Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" in the Republic of Tatarstan.