Farms of the new generation give "live" milk, and feed with nano-iron - weight gain

Alexander Budevich, Deputy General DIRECTOR for Research of the Scientific and Practical Center for Livestock Breeding of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, spoke about the most significant developments and promising projects in the field of animal husbandry. The representative of the scientific and practical center spoke about the developed conceptual technological modular solutions for the creation of new generation dairy farms. They use a process control algorithm based on intelligent digital technologies.

“The implementation of the concept of technological MILK production is based on intelligent production control systems, the use of robotic tools for performing basic production operations based on monitoring systems. Cows give more milk for a reason, but because their physiological condition has improved due to the implementation of all elements of production on the principle of "just in time". Feeding and milking animals on a strict schedule has proven to have a significant positive impact on realizing the potential of productive animals. Also, the terms of economic use of cows are increasing and high-quality milk will be obtained with a significant reduction in unit costs for production,” summed up Alexander Budevich.

Nanotechnologies continue to develop actively in various industries, in particular, in the agro-industrial complex. These technologies affect all industry areas - crop production, veterinary medicine, processing and animal husbandry. “ Recipes and laboratory samples of feed concentrates for young cattle have been developed . We have also developed complete compound feeds for pigs with the introduction of nanoselenium, nanoiron and nanozinc into drinking water, developed by the Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Toxicological assessment established the safety and non-toxicity of these mixed feeds for laboratory animals. Preliminary results indicate an increase in average daily weight gain and a decrease in the cost of the products obtained, ”the specialist explained.

He also drew attention to the developed and adjusted draft of the technological scheme for applying a film coating on particles of essential amino acid preparations, in particular, lysine. The effect of compound feeds with the inclusion of these drugs on the degree of nitrogen utilization in the body of pigs and calves was studied.

“It has been established that the drug in its biological action does not have a negative effect on the bodypigs with inclusion in compound feed. In addition, the productive effect of these compound feeds on increasing the growth rate of young animals and obtaining pigs of heavier weight categories is shown. Also, the inclusion of the drug in compound feed contributes to an increase in the absolute average daily gain for the study period, ”the Deputy General Director shared the results.

According to him, in order to increase the productivity of dairy cattle, studies were conducted on the regulation of the composition of the rumen microbiome using the studied batches of compound feed containing probiotic feed additives based on acidic and spore-forming bacteria. Their use increases milk yield, and also gives additional profit.

“Compositions of compound feeds have been developed using oil flax cake and fiber flax for calves of the dairy and post-milk period. A positive effect of compound feeds with different levels of cake input on the physiological state of experimental calves has been established, the zootechnical and economic efficiency of raising animals has been determined, ”added Alexander Budevich.

As Alexander Budevich assured, this year the development of complex techniques and methods is being completed to ensure the creation of new interbreed hybrid forms in pig breeding with the effect of heterosis (an increase in viability due to the inheritance of a certain set of genes).

“A method is being developed for molecular genetic monitoring of cattle for the presence of monogenic diseases, which is supposed to be used in sectional programs for breeding Holstein cattle of domestic breeding for dairy productivity. This will help improve the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding, allow for a wider development of genomic breeding technology in our country and, as a result, reduce dependence on imported bulls. The format of the received data will make it possible to integrate the results of the assessment of sires into international databases,” said Alexander Budevich.

CEO _RUE "SPC NAS of Belarus for Agricultural Mechanization" Dmitry Komlach noted that providing the population of Belarus with high-quality affordable food products and building up EXPORT potential are the main tasks of the agricultural sector. The solution of these problems largely depends on the technical and technological level of production, the effective use of modern means of mechanization, the introduction of new methods and techniques for performing agricultural work.

According to Dmitry Komlach, the main emphasis in the development of agricultural production should be placed on a more efficient use of innovative developments, the transition to the concept of precision farming and animal husbandry, which will make it possible to obtain the productivity of livestock varieties and breeds close to their biological potential.

Several examples can be given. After the harvesting campaign, the stubble is peeled, which makes it possible to stifle pathogens and ensure an increase in grain yield by 2-3 centners next year . In the fields where peeling is carried out, during spring plowing, fuel consumption is reduced by up to 30% and the productivity of the arable unit increases by 15-20%.

“The stubble peeling units currently used do not provide the required working depth, and the working width does not exceed seven meters. This delays the peeling time and ensures the efficient use of the units only on piles with a certain drive length. To solve this problem, we have developed a disc huller LDR - 9 with a working width of 9 meters, capable of working on almost all types of soil and performing stubble cultivation of corn, rapeseed and grasses. Fuel consumption in this case is 5-6 liters per hectare, productivity per hour is 10-14 hectares. Thus, about one hundred hectares can be cultivated per shift,” said the Director General of the Center for Agricultural Mechanization.

He also added that at the moment, with the Shchuchinsky repair plant, the development of a huller with a working width of 12 meters is being completed, which will allow stubble peeling to be carried out on even larger areas. In addition, now the Research and Production Center for Agricultural Mechanization is developing a multifunctional tillage unit that will be used on all types of soil and perform all the necessary operations.

Domestic scientistshave already carried out a set of works to improve forage harvesting technologies and create a new generation of forage harvesting equipment. Such equipment will be able to ensure the harvesting of high-quality forage from grasses and silage crops with minimal biologically inevitable losses. To improve the quality of legume and legume-grass mixtures, a device for repeated flattening and drying of cut grasses has been developed. “It will help increase the drying rate of legume grass stalks by up to 20% and the preservation of nutritional value by 10-15%,” Dmitry Komlach assured.

In addition, to improve the quality of grasses when raking the dried mass in the center, new comb-type rake-rollers with a working width of 9.5 meters have been developed. Now, according to the director general of the Center for Agricultural Mechanization, they are undergoing state tests. Their principle of operation is based on the minimum contact of the teeth with the soil surface.