New feed and DNA research. What developments in animal husbandry are offered by Belarusian scientists

The SPC of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for animal husbandry carries out research work in various areas of state scientific and technical programs related to solving the long-term tasks of the country's agro-industrial complex. The work is carried out in close cooperation with the breeding, agricultural and educational organizations of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food, as well as other ministries of Belarus. The most significant developments and promising projects in the field of animal husbandry were discussed at a press conference "New agro-industrial technologies: the contribution of Belarusian scientists to the development of agriculture" by Alexander Budevich, Deputy Director General for Research of the RUE "NPC of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for animal husbandry", BelTA has learned. .

"Nanotechnologies continue to actively develop in various scientific fields, in particular in the agro-industrial complex. All industry areas are affected here - crop production, veterinary medicine, processing, animal husbandry. In this regard, we have developed recipes and laboratory samples of compound feed concentrates for young cattle. We have also developed complete compound feeds for pigs with the introduction of nanoselenium, nanoiron and nanozinc into drinking water, developed by the Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Toxicological assessment established the safety and non-toxicity of these mixed feeds for laboratory animals. Preliminary results indicate an increase in average daily weight gain and a decrease in the cost of the products received," said Alexander Budevich.

He also drew attention to the developed and revised draft of the technological scheme for applying a film coating on particles of essential amino acid preparations, in particular lysine. The effect of compound feeds with the inclusion of these drugs on the degree of nitrogen utilization in the body of pigs and calves was studied.

"It has been established that the drug, in terms of its biological effect, does not have a negative effect on the body of pigs with inclusion in the compound feed. In addition, the productive effect of these compound feeds on increasing the growth rate of young animals and obtaining pigs of heavier weight categories has been shown. Also, the inclusion of the drug in the compound feed contributes to an increase obtaining an absolute average daily increase for the period of the study," the deputy general director shared the results.

According to him, in order to increase the productivity of dairy cattle, studies were conducted on the regulation of the composition of the rumen microbiome using experimental batches of compound feed containing probiotic feed additives based on propionic acid and spore-forming bacteria. The effectiveness of feeding probiotic feed additives to lactating cows has been established. The use of these additives increases MILK yield, and also gives additional profit from feeding with these additives.

"Compositions of compound feeds have been developed using oilseed flax cake and fiber flax for calves of the dairy and post-dairy period. A positive effect of compound feeds with different levels of cake input on the physiological state of experimental calves has been established, zootechnical and economic efficiency of animal rearing has been determined," added Alexander Budevich.

As Alexander Budevich assured, this year the development of complex techniques and methods is being completed to ensure the creation of new interbreed hybrid forms in pig breeding with the effect of heterosis (an increase in viability due to the inheritance of a certain set of genes from parents. - Approx. BelTA).

"Four breeds of pigs participated in these combinations - Duroc, Pietrain Yorkshire and Landrace. Based on the analysis of the productivity of animals, a combination selection plan was developed. A combination that has the best reproductive qualities was established. The genetic structure of animals was also studied for some genes. A positive effect of some genotypes was established on a number of reproductive traits," the deputy general director emphasized.

Together with the SPC of the State Committee for Forensic Examinations, the SPC of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for animal husbandry is developing a system for the genetic analysis of pig breeds based on polymorphism (the ability of some organisms to exist in states with different internal structures. - Note by BelTA). Research is carried out to confirm the purity of animals when breeding or purchasing biological material, as well as, for example, to differentiate between a wild pig and a domestic pig in case of poaching. A database will be created with markers that will serve as determinants of the breed of pigs.

"In addition, a methodology is being developed for molecular genetic monitoring of cattle for the presence of monogenic diseases, which is supposed to be used in sectional programs for breeding Holstein cattle of domestic selection of dairy productivity. This will help increase the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding, will enable the republic to develop a wider technology of genomic selection and , as a result, will reduce dependence on imports of bulls. The format of the data obtained will make it possible to integrate the results of the assessment of sires into international databases," the deputy general director said.

Alexander Budevich also spoke about the conceptual technological modular solutions being developed to create a new generation of dairy farms and the production process control algorithm based on intelligent digital technologies.

"The implementation of the concept of technological milk production is based on intelligent production management systems, the use of robotic tools for performing basic production operations and based on monitoring systems. Thus, the productivity and physiological state indicator will ensure that all elements of production are carried out according to the "just in time" principle, which implies a significant positive impact The terms of economic use of cows will also increase and high-quality milk will be obtained with a significant reduction in unit costs for production," summed up the deputy general director for scientific work of the RUE "NPC of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Animal Husbandry".